Many packaged foods rely on artificial food dyes for their bright colors. In fact, 13% of foods and beverages
in the United States contain at least one synthetic colorant. Yet, with rising consumer and regulatory awareness
about the potential health risks of food dyes, especially for children, these additives are under increased
scrutiny.
As the country’s most widely used dye, Red 40 is in the spotlight. Here’s what you should know about this ingredient to make mindful choices for you and
your family.
What Is Red 40?
Red 40 is a synthetic food dye made from petroleum. It is also known as Allura Red AC, and the Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) refers to it as FD&C Red No. 40.
Dairy items: Flavored yogurts, milk, popsicles, ice creams, and puddings.
Baked goods and sweets: Chewing gum, candies, pastries, and cakes.
Snacks: Chips, Jell-O, dried fruit, breakfast bars, and cereals.
Drinks: Energy drinks, sports drinks, powdered mixes, and protein powders.
Condiments: Salad dressings, sauces, relishes, spices, and seasonings.
Currently, Red 40 is FDA-approved. However, the government plans to phase out all petroleum-based artificial dyes from the country’s food supply.
This action stems from the claimthat these colorings provide no nutritional value and may pose some risks to children’s development and overall human health.
The FDA has already started removing approval for Citrus Red No. 2 and Orange B. By the end of 2026, the six
remaining synthetic color additives, including Red 40, will also be phased out.
Why Do Food Companies Use Red 40?
Companies use Red 40 in food and beverages to make their color more vibrant or to add a specific color, making
these products look more attractive. Sometimes, food processing can strip away a food’s natural color, so
manufacturers add dye to restore foods’ visual appeal.
Additionally, color is an important visual cue for identifying a food’s taste. In fact, consumers are more likely
to buy snacks and drinks with colors that match the expected flavor. Bright colors in foods are also used as a marketing strategy. For example, manufacturers will use Red 40 to make
cherry-flavored drinks red or show that the flavor of chips is spicy.
Natural red dyes exist, but food companies typically favor Red 40. Synthetic color additives are more cost-effective and offer more intense color and longer shelf life.
Health Concerns and Controversies: Is Red 40 Safe?
The FDA has said that artificial food dyes are safe
when used according to regulations, which outline the types of foods they can be added to, labeling requirements,
and maximum amounts. However, the safety of these dyes has been a subject of debate.
As mentioned, health concerns are the driving factor in the decision to phase out all petroleum-derived color
additives, such as Red 40. Here’s what research says about some of the additives’ potential side
effects:
Allergic Reactions
While we need more information to fully understand the potential allergic effects of synthetic food dyes,
some people may experience hypersensitivities
after consuming foods or beverages with Red 40. In milder cases, symptoms can include itching or skin rashes. In
more serious cases, throat closure can occur.
Gut Dysfunction
A 2022 study found that prolonged exposure to Red 40 negatively impacts gut health and causes inflammation
in mice. According to the researchers, this dye increases serotonin production in the gut, altering the balance of
microorganisms and potentially increasing vulnerability to inflammation. Although the study shows clear effects in mice, the translation of these findings to humans is unknown, and further
research is needed to determine if similar impacts occur in people.
We do know that chronic gut inflammation can compromise the intestinal barrier lining, causing leaky gut syndrome. When this happens, microbes can enter and disrupt the gut’s ideal bacterial diversity and balance.
The gut microbiome is vital for keeping our bodies healthy, so any changes can lead to complications such as constipation or diarrhea.
Colon Cancer
A 2023 study on mice indicates that Red 40 may damage DNA, possibly causing low-level inflammation in the rectum and colon—an effect that, over time, could lead to colorectal cancer. While this is concerning, it’s important to note
that findings from animal studies don’t always translate directly to humans.
Red 40 and Children: What Parents Need to Know
In the last 20 years, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnoses in American children and teens
have increased from 6.1% to 10.2%, prompting researchers to examine potential contributing factors, including diet. Although some data suggest that
artificial food dyes, such as Red 40, may increase ADHD symptoms like hyperactivity and other neurobehavioral
issues, the effect appears to be small for most children. However, some kids—particularly those with ADHD, anxiety,
or other sensitivities—may be more strongly affected. More research is needed to better understand how food dyes may
impact behavior and which children are most vulnerable.
If you notice your child becoming hyperactive, irritable, or moody after consuming foods with Red 40 or other dyes,
it may be wise to consult a registered dietitian before limiting or removing these items from their diet.
Red 40 Food Dye Alternatives: What You Can Use Instead
If you prefer to avoid Red 40 in you or your child’s diet, there are several natural food coloring options that can
be used in recipes, snacks, and drinks. While research on the health effects of artificial dyes is still limited,
these alternatives can be considered by those who wish to limit exposure. For example, beetroot and pomegranate
juice can provide a bright red color. Due to the growing concerns about artificial dyes, manufacturers have been
encouraged to explore such options in recent years. With all petroleum-based additives being phased out, this
process has been fast-tracked.
Kraft Heinz announced it will remove all artificial color additives
from its U.S. food products by the end of 2027. The food giant also stated that it will not release any new foods
with such ingredients in the American market.
As one of the first packaged food companies in the country to commit to removing synthetic dyes from its brands,
Kraft Heinz has inspired its competitors to do the same. General Mills plans to remove these additives from its
entire product line by 2027.
Remember, natural doesn’t always mean safer. Do your research so you’re informed about what you’re consuming. Even
when enjoying non-nutritious foods, having the knowledge to make strategic choices is essential for you and your
family.
How to Avoid Red 40: Practical Tips for Consumers
Whether you’re a concerned parent or a health-conscious consumer, here’s how you can avoid Red 40 until the FDA’s
ban on petroleum-based dyes takes effect:
Read Ingredient Labels
While the FDA requires food companies to list all ingredients, including artificial dyes, Red 40 can be tricky to
spot. As mentioned, this dye has more than one name:
Allura Red AC
FD&C Red No. 40
Red 40 Lake
Food Red 17
E129
A time-saving tip is to check the bottom of the ingredients list. As manufacturers must list ingredients from the
largest to the smallest amount, food dyes are typically located at the end.
Make Nutritious Swaps
Synthetic color additives are usually an ingredient in packaged items, so limiting how often you purchase these can
help you steer clear of Red 40. Instead, opt for whole foods and a balanced meal pattern that promotes
health.
This doesn’t mean you need to give up your favorite foods or deny your little ones the snacks they love. Rather
than buying strawberry-flavored yogurt, you could stir fresh strawberries into Greek yogurt. Making your own granola
or trail mix with dye-free dried fruit is another great option.
Drinking more water can also help, as sodas and sports drinks are a huge source of exposure to artificial dyes. You
can also make fruit juices and smoothies at home.
Consult a Registered Dietitian (RD)
Because Red 40 is in thousands of products, completely avoiding it can be tricky when balancing time, budget, and
convenience. This is when the guidance from an RD can be invaluable.
These experts can create personalized nutrition plans, offer evidence-based advice, and improve your understanding
of food labels. As RDs are medically recognized throughout the country, your insurance provider will likely cover your visit.
We’ll help you develop strategies for incorporating nutritious foods into your family’s meal patterns, offering
education and encouragement every step of the way. With us, making informed choices can be easy and fun.
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